A specialized tool for tightening or loosening hose couplings is called a __________ wrench.

The specialized tool designed for tightening or loosening hose couplings is known as a spanner wrench. This tool is specifically engineered to fit the unique shapes of hose couplings, allowing firefighters to securely connect or disconnect hoses under various conditions.

Using a spanner wrench ensures that the couplings are properly tightened to prevent leaks during operation while also facilitating quick and efficient disconnection when necessary. This capability is critical during firefighting operations where time is of the essence and safety is paramount.

While other tools like strap wrenches can grip and turn items, they are not tailored specifically for the unique requirements of hose couplings. Similarly, a hose wrench, although a term sometimes used, is not the most commonly accepted term, and a ring wrench typically refers to a device used for different applications, not specifically for hoses. Therefore, the spanner is the correct designation for this essential firefighting tool.