Smoke exposure causes __________ health effects.

Smoke exposure leads to both acute and chronic health effects due to the complex composition of smoke. Acute effects can occur immediately or shortly after exposure, such as respiratory irritation, coughing, and shortness of breath. These are typically the result of inhaling harmful particles or gases present in smoke, which can cause immediate irritation to the mucous membranes and lungs.

Chronic effects, on the other hand, develop over a longer period as a result of repeated or prolonged exposure to smoke. This can lead to serious long-term health conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and other cardiovascular issues. Prolonged exposure to smoke can also weaken the immune system and make individuals more susceptible to infections.

Combining both acute and chronic health effects highlights the importance of considering the immediate risks associated with smoke exposure as well as the potential for long-term health consequences, thus affirming that both types of effects can arise from exposure to smoke.